| 1 | Pilling resistance | ISO 12945-2 Martindale method | Assesses the formation of pills on the fabric surface after controlled rubbing. The result is commonly reported on a visual scale from 1 to 5. | Grade 4 or higher after the specified number of rub cycles. | Grade 5 indicates no visible pilling; Grade 4 indicates slight pilling that is normally acceptable for premium upholstery. Ask for the test cycle count as well as the grade. |
| 2 | Colorfastness to artificial light | ISO 105-B02 Artificial light: Xenon arc | Measures fading caused by controlled exposure to artificial light. Results are generally rated against Blue Wool references from 1 to 8. | Blue Wool rating 5 or higher for rooms with regular daylight exposure. | Higher numbers represent better resistance to fading. A rating of 6–8 is preferable for strong sun, large windows, or conservatories. |
| 3 | Colorfastness to rubbing | ISO 105-X12 Colour fastness to rubbing | Evaluates whether dry or wet rubbing transfers color from the upholstery fabric to another textile surface. | Dry rubbing: Grade 4 or higher Wet rubbing: Grade 3 or higher | Strong results reduce the risk of color transfer onto light clothing or cushions. Wet rubbing is especially relevant for frequently used seating. |
| 4 | Resistance to prolonged light exposure | ISO 105-B06 High-temperature light exposure | Uses artificial light and controlled temperature conditions to examine color change under accelerated exposure. | Choose the highest available lightfastness class shown in the laboratory report; for sunny interiors, prioritize results equivalent to high or very high resistance. | ISO test conditions do not exactly reproduce every home environment. Use curtains, UV-filtering window film, and furniture rotation to limit uneven fading. |
| 5 | Wear resistance | ISO 12947-2 Martindale abrasion test | Measures resistance to surface wear caused by repeated rubbing. The result is reported in abrasion cycles. | At least 30,000 cycles for general residential use; 50,000 cycles or more for high-use seating. | Higher cycle counts generally indicate better abrasion resistance, but they do not guarantee resistance to snags, seam failure, pet claws, or accidental cuts. |
| 6 | Dimensional stability and seam behavior | ISO 5077 Dimensional change after domestic washing or cleaning procedures, where applicable | Checks fabric shrinkage or dimensional change after the care process specified for the material. | Low dimensional change; ideally no more than approximately 2% in the direction relevant to upholstery construction. | Many sofa fabrics are not designed for machine washing. Confirm the exact cleaning method, fabric direction, backing construction, and whether the upholstery has been professionally tested after cleaning. |
| 7 | Care performance and stain practicality | ISO 105-E04 Colorfastness to perspiration
ISO 105-C06 Colorfastness to domestic laundering, where applicable | Assesses color change and staining behavior after exposure to perspiration or a defined washing procedure. | Grade 4 or higher for color change where a rating is provided; select a care code compatible with professional upholstery cleaning. | Test results support comparison but do not replace a care label. For daily-use sofas, medium tones, textured constructions, and removable professionally cleanable covers are often more practical than delicate surfaces. |